‘Kupala Day’, which is a summer solstice feast celebrated in Slavic Countries, is also known as ‘The Day of St John the Baptist’ with festivities usually held around 21-24 June and somtimes the 7th July. In Poland the feast is known as ‘Noc Świętojańska,’ ‘Noc Kupały’ or ‘Sobótki.’
The origins of these midsummer-related holidays and traditions date back to the pre-Christian era and are particularly recognized in Northern Europe in places such as: Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The festivities can also be found in Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Ireland and parts of Britain (Cornwall especially), France, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, even as far as Canada and the United States. In Sweden, Finland and Estonia, Midsummer's Eve is considered the greatest festival of the year, comparable only with ‘Walpurgis Night’, ‘Christmas Eve’, and ‘New Year's Eve’.
Ivan Kupala Night by Vladimir Golub |
Tradycje związane z przesileniem letnim mają pradawny rodowód, szczególne znaczenie przypisuje im się w krajach Europy Zachodniej, jak Szwecja, Norwegia, Dania, Finlandia, Estonia, Łotwa i Litwa. Obchody są również spotykane w Polsce, Rosji, na Ukrainie, Białorusi, a także w Irlandii, Wielkiej Brytanii (szczególnie w Kornwalii), Francji, we Włoszech, na Malcie, w Portugalii, czy Hiszpanii. Najkrótszą noc roku świętuje się także w Kanadzie i Stanach Zjednoczonych. W Szwecji, Finlandii i Estonii, przesilenie letnie stanowi jedno z najważniejszych wydarzeń roku, porównywalne tylko z Nocą Walpurgii, Wigilią Bożego Narodzenia i Nowym Rokiem.
The fern flower / Kwiat paproci
There is an ancient Kupala belief, that the eve of Ivan Kupala is the only time of the year when ferns bloom. Prosperity, luck, discernment and power would befall on whoever finds a fern flower. Therefore, on that night village folks would roam through the forests in search of magical herbs and especially the elusive fern flower.
Searching for the fern flower. by Witold Pruszkowski |
Kwiat paproci, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
Water, fire and fortune telling
On the Eve of Ivan Kupala the youth would look for their intended ones and choose their destinies. Girls launched wreaths made from certain flowers and herbs with lit candles on the water and boys were to catch them – whoever’s wreath the boy gets, then she will be his wife. A sinking wreath or extinguished candle was considered as very bad luck, and those whose wreath would float with the candle still burning for the longest time, would get married soon.
Launching wreaths on the water. by Andriy Khomyk |
Pagans, in ancient times, celebrated Midsummer with bonfires. "It was a night of fire, love, magic, oracles and divination and had a lot to do with lovers and predictions, when pairs of lovers would jump through the luck-bringing flames..." It was believed that the crops would grow as high as the couples were able to jump. Through the fire's power, "...maidens would find out about their future husband, and spirits and demons were banished." Another function of bonfires was to generate sympathetic magic: "giving a boost to the sun's energy so that it would remain potent throughout the rest of the growing season and guarantee a plentiful harvest."
Jumping through the bonfire. by Ivan Sokolov |
It is believed that during this time the Sun gives the water and herbs special healing powers so collecting plants and bathing in the river at this time would be exceptionally purifying and cleansing.
sources/źródła: Wikipedia, Russia-InfoCentre, mariri-ya blog, bialczynski.wordpress.com.
sources/źródła: Wikipedia, Russia-InfoCentre, mariri-ya blog, bialczynski.wordpress.com.
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